Is knowledge simply justified true belief?
The traditional analysis of knowledge defines it as justified true belief (JTB). Edmund Gettier published counterexamples in 1963 that many found decisive. What are they, and what do they show?
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Philosophy
Logic, formal arguments, the history of ideas, and philosophical concepts
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What is Plato's allegory of the cave, and what is its philosophical significance?
In the Republic, Plato describes prisoners chained in a cave who mistake shadows for reality. What is the allegory saying about knowledge, perception, and education?
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What is the trolley problem, and what does it reveal about moral philosophy?
The trolley problem involves a choice between allowing several people to die or actively causing one person's death. What philosophical positions does it illustrate, and why has it been so influential?
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What is the hard problem of consciousness?
David Chalmers distinguished the 'easy' problems of consciousness from the 'hard' problem — why physical processes give rise to subjective experience at all. Why is this considered so difficult?
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